3A).38, learn more 39 Because CSCs are a subpopulation of the SP, we conclude that they too may carry markers of normal progenitors. When unsorted tumor cells were exposed to media that favors the survival and growth of hepatic progenitor cells, the percentage of SP cells increased (Fig. 4A). In contrast, non-SP cells failed to propagate or even survive in progenitor media (Supporting Fig. 3), in accord with the view that they are more differentiated than

SP cells. The SP population was reduced when tumor cells were incubated in media that elicits differentiation of hepatic progenitors into mature hepatocytes40 (Fig. 4B). Previous work has shown that MYC tumor cells can differentiate into mature hepatic cells upon the inactivation of MYC in vivo.31

We found that concurrent repression of the MYC transgene by doxycycline enhanced the effect of differentiation media on the MYC-driven tumor cells, as manifested by complete loss of the progenitor marker AFP and an increase in C/EBPα, a marker for mature hepatocytes (Fig. 4C, Supporting Fig. 4D). We conclude that SP cells from the MYC-driven hepatic tumors possess properties similar to normal progenitor cells, and that the same is likely to be true of the CSC subset of SP cells. The ABC transporter proteins MDR1 and BCRP have been shown previously to efflux Hoechst 33342 dye.19, 20 Sorted tumor cells were Deforolimus analyzed for the mRNA of ABC transporters as well as MRP1 (Abcc1a and Abcc1b). Only Mdr1a and Mdr1b mRNAs were more highly expressed in SP cells than in non-SP cells (Fig. 5A). These

results were also confirmed by western blot analysis (Fig. 5B). Notably, expression of BCRP was not detected by either means. Exposure of LT2-MYC tumor cells to progenitor media enriched for MDR1 expression, whereas differentiation media did not (Supporting Fig. 4D). Because MDR1 was more highly expressed than BCRP in SP cells, we used a functional analysis to determine whether it was MDR1 that mediated SP formation. To this end, we used hydrodynamic transfection of MYC to elicit hepatic tumors in mice that were deficient in either Mdr1a/1b or Bcrp and analyzed the resulting tumors for SP cells. Hydrodynamic C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR-7) transfection of MYC elicited hepatic tumors in mice of all genotypes by 90 days (Supporting Fig. 4C). MYC induction of tumors in wildtype and Bcrp−/− mice resulted in the formation of an SP population, whereas hepatic tumors in Mdr1a/1b−/− mice did not have an SP population (Fig. 5C). The role of MDR1 in mediating the SP phenotype was further verified in vitro: overexpression of MDR1 enhanced the SP phenotype, whereas partial knockdown reduced it (Supporting Fig. 4A,B). These data demonstrate that, whereas MDR1 does not affect tumorigenesis, it is responsible for the SP phenotype seen in our tumor model. MDR1 and BCRP efflux a number of similar chemotherapeutics, including doxorubicin (Dox), which is utilized in the treatment of primary hepatic tumors.

Hepatoma CSCs are also considered a pivotal target for cancer eradication, and liver CSCs have been identified

using stem cell markers such as EpCAM. Thus, we assessed the Notch-related effect by analyzing EpCAM+ features in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We inhibited the Notch receptor by using β-secretase inhibitors (GSIs; L-685,458 and DAPT) and examined the cell growth of the hepatoma cell lines Huh7, HepG2, HLE, and SKHep1 to assess their notch-modulating effect in hepatoma. We inoculated NOD-SCID mice with Huh7 cells and compared the degree of Notch inhibition, tumor growth, and survival by administering GSIs percutaneously. We evaluated EpCAM expression by immunohistochemistry in the inoculated hepatoma mouse tissues. We then distinguished the EpCAM+ and EpCAM- fractions of the hepatoma cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The cells were cultured to compare the effects LY294002 of cell growth by administering GSIs. Results: GSIs administered to the AFP-producing Huh7 and HepG2 cells significantly selleck screening library suppressed cell growth after 5 days (Huh7 by L-685,458: p<0.001, Huh7 by DAPT: p<0.01, HepG2 by DAPT: p<0.01) compared with AFP-negative HLE and SKHep1 cells. GSIs reduced subcutaneous tumor growth in the inoculated

NOD-SCID mice compared with inhibitor-negative controls (p<0.05); when the tumors were allowed to grow, the control mice died earlier (p<0.005). Histologically, caspase 8,

EpCAM and HE staining revealed spacious apop-totic and necrotic areas in the hepatoma cells in the GSI-treated mice, along with a diminished number of active hepatoma cells and EpCAM+ features. Cell growth after administering DAPT was associated with significant suppression of EpCAM+ cells compared with EpCAM- cells (p<0.01). ADAMTS5 This suppression was 20% more effective than in the non-sorted Huh7 cells. Moreover, L-685,458 efficiently suppressed both EpCAM+ and EpCAM- cells (p<0.01). Conclusion: Notch signaling is activated in hepatoma cells, especially in AFP-producing and EpCAM+ cells. Notch-inactivating therapy could effective for targeting liver CSCs. Disclosures: Hikari Okada – Employment: Kanazawa University Shuichi Kaneko – Grant/Research Support: MDS, Co., Inc, Chugai Pharma., Co., Inc, Toray Co., Inc, Daiichi Sankyo., Co., Inc, Dainippon Sumitomo, Co., Inc, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, MDS, Co., Inc, Chugai Pharma., Co., Inc, Toray Co., Inc, Daiichi Sankyo., Co., Inc, Dainippon Sumitomo, Co., Inc, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Bayer Japan The following people have nothing to disclose: Kazunori Kawaguchi, Masao Honda, Taro Yamashita, Kouki Nio, Masashi Nishikawa, Kuniaki Arai, Yoshio Sakai, Tatsuya Yamashita, Eishiro Mizukoshi Background and Aim: Among the organelle, the main generator of ROS is mitochondria, where electron transport chain produces ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.

It has high sensitivity compared to single RT-PCR. Moreover, field samples in China can be tested by this method for virus

detection. Our results show that one-step multiplex RT-PCR is a high-throughput, specific, buy INK 128 sensitive method for tobacco virus detection. “
“Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosais) plants with yellowing symptoms suggestive of a phytoplasma disease were observed in Shandong Peninsula, China. Typical phytoplasma bodies were detected in the phloem tissue using transmission electron microscopy. The association of a phytoplasma with the disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using phytoplasma universal primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 as nested PCR primer pair. The sequence analysis indicated that the phytoplasma associated with tree peony yellows (TPY) was an isolate

of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ belonging to the stolbur (16SrXII) group. This is the first report of a phytoplasma associated with tree peony. “
“Pistachio is an important crop in Iran, which is a major producer and exporter of pistachio nuts. The occurrence of a new disease of pistachio trees, characterized by the development of severe witches’ broom, stunted growth and leaf AZD1208 rosetting, was observed in Ghazvin Province. A phytoplasma was detected in infected trees by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of rRNA operon sequences. Nested PCR with primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 was used for specific detection of the phytoplasma in infected trees.

To determine its taxonomy, the random fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern and sequence analysis of the amplified rRNA gene were studied. Sequencing of the amplified products of the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene indicated that pistachio witches’ broom (PWB) phytoplasma is in a separate 16S rRNA group of phytoplasmas (with sequence homology 97% in Blast search). The unique properties of the DNA of the PWB phytoplasma indicate that Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase it is a representative of a new taxon. “
“Symptoms of unknown aetiology on Rhododendron hybridum cv. Cunningham’s White were observed in the Czech Republic in 2010. The infected plant had malformed leaves, with irregular shaped edges, mosaic, leaf tip necrosis and multiple axillary shoots with smaller leaves. Transmission electron microscopy showed phytoplasma-like bodies in phloem cells of the symptomatic plant. Phytoplasma presence was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using phytoplasma-specific, universal and group-specific primer pairs. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA enabled classification of the detected phytoplasma into the aster yellows subgroup I-C. Sequence analysis of the 16S-23S ribosomal operon of the amplified phytoplasma genome from the infected rhododendron plant (1724 bp) confirmed the closest relationship with the Czech Echinacea purpurea phyllody phytoplasma.

The authors demonstrated that these glycans were differentially expressed in HCC patients compared with healthy controls; both G2890 (m/z value, 2,890.052) and G3560 (m/z value, 3,560.295)

were recurrent and prognostic factors, respectively. To determine whether these two serum glycans could be clinical markers for advanced HCC patients Doxorubicin order and their levels in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), we investigated serum N-glycan profiles using the same method used by Kamiyama et al. in 85 consecutive HCC patients treated with sorafenib, 41 patients with CH B or C, and 459 healthy volunteers. Mean serum levels (SDs) of G2890 were 2.60 (1.50), 0.85 (0.60), and 1.04 (0.41) pmol/mL (P < 0.0001), and the levels of G3560 were 0.42 (0.37), 0.05 (0.06), and 0.09 (0.06) pmol/mL (P < 0.0001) in HCC, CH, and healthy volunteers, respectively. Changes in the levels of the two glycans did not correlate with CH virus infection but with

the presence of HCC. Of the 61 glycans detected, 15 glycans, including G2890 and G3560, were elevated in patients with progressive disease 6 weeks after starting sorafenib. Comparing overall survival (OS) between patients with high and low values of these 15 glycans, only G2890 correlated with poor OS in univariate analysis using Cox’s proportional hazard model, while G3560 showed a borderline correlation (Table 1). Multivariate analysis with selleck chemicals known prognostic factors revealed that high levels of G2890 (hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-3.48), as well as Eastern

Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS)[1, 2] and Child-Pugh (B), were identified as independent risk factors for survival. We have yet to identify the ligands of G2890 and the biological effects in HCC patients; however, our findings support and expand the results by Kamiyama et al.: serum G2890 is a novel diagnostic and prognostic factor in HCC patients treated with sorafenib, as was observed in surgically treated patients. Koji Miyahara, M.D.1 “
“A 49-year-old male presented with a 1-year history of combined bulbar and pseudobulbar dysarthria, involuntary movements, and gait instability. Laboratory evaluation showed a decreased serum ceruloplasmin of <0.06 g/L. Despite mild elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (54 E/L) and alanine aminotransferase Meloxicam (101 E/L), liver function (international normalized ratio, albumin, and bilirubin) was preserved. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an abnormal attenuation of bilateral basal ganglia and cerebellar atrophy (Fig. 1). A brain computed tomography scan revealed hyperdensity of the basal ganglia and dentate nucleus. Because these findings were strongly suggestive of Wilson’s disease (WD), our workup continued to focus on further establishing this diagnosis. The ophthalmologist did not see Kayser-Fleischer (KF) rings, and 24-hour urine collection demonstrated a 0.6-umol copper loss per day (normal, 0.0-1.2 umol/day).

The main symptoms included greyish green to brownish grey and zonate leaf spots without border lines, which mostly led to premature defoliation. The morphological characteristics

of the causal agent were consistent with Hinomyces pruni. Identification was supported by analysing the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA from an isolate. The pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by artificial inoculation. This is the first report of zonate leaf spot caused by H. pruni Selleck Erlotinib on Manchurian apricot globally as well as in Korea. “
“A frosty mildew was observed on leaves of Salix koreensis in two localities of Korea during 2011 and 2012. The main signs and symptoms were expressed as conical white to cream coloured tufts of the causal fungus on the brown lesions, followed Ponatinib solubility dmso by premature defoliation. Based on morphological observations, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of rDNA-ITS, the fungus was identified as Mycopappus alni, which has been known to be associated with frosty mildews on Alnus spp., Betula spp., Crataegus chlorosarca and Pyrus pyrifolia. Pathogenicity

test was conducted twice with the same results, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This is the first case of Salix–Mycopappus association as well as the first report of frosty mildew on S. koreensis. “
“Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRSV) isolates have been investigated for genetic diversity. Nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene of 19 isolates from Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia and the United States were analysed. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity were 92–100% and 89–100%, respectively. Estimations of the distribution of synonymous and non-synonymous Sclareol changes indicated negative selection within the analysed CP gene and confirmed the genetic stability of the virus. At a capsid protein level, our results revealed

BRRSV to be distinct from other, recombination-prone pararetroviruses. “
“A new severe disease on Anthurium andraeanum Lind. was observed in the summer of 2011 in Beijing, China. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic leaves, and its pathogenicity was confirmed. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis, the pathogen was identified as Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. This is the first report of M. roridum causing leaf spot on A. andraeanum in China. “
“A leaf spot and leaf blight disease was observed on Aloe vera plants as small, circular to oval dark brown necrotic sunken spots on leaves. Infected tissues collected from different sites in diseased fields were cultured on potato carrot agar medium, and the pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics. The conidiophores were branched, straight, golden brown, smooth-walled, measuring up to μm long by 3 μm wide with one conidial scar.

PEGylated liposomes (PEGLip) have been shown to bind FVIIa and to improve haemostatic efficacy in preclinical

experiments. In the present phase I/II clinical trial, we assessed the safety and efficacy of PEGLip-formulated FVIIa in severe haemophilia A patients (FVIII ≤ 1%) with inhibitors to FVIII. Each patient received one prophylactic infusion of standard FVIIa and one prophylactic infusion of PEGLip-formulated FVIIa. The order of the infusions was randomized and the two infusions were separated by a ten-day washout period. Efficacy assessed by thromboelastography revealed that PEGLip-FVIIa induced significantly shorter clotting times and produced higher clot firmnesses than standard FVIIa. Thrombin generation assays showed that PEGLip-FVIIa induced faster thrombin generation and higher peak levels of thrombin than standard FVIIa. These effects lasted Selleck ICG-001 up to 5 h postinfusion. Measurements of D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and fibrinogen showed no significant differences between the PEGLip-FVIIa and standard FVIIa treatments. PEGLip-FVIIa therefore showed improved haemostatic efficacy without increased risk of thrombosis and may be further developed for the treatment for bleeding episodes in haemophilia patients

with inhibitors. “
“Linkage analysis in autosomal inherited von Willebrand disease (VWD) is important to diagnose the carriers and reduce the burden of severe type VWD. The study was designed to identify the carriers and estimate

the frequency of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) instability in VWD families. Gefitinib cost Carrier detection was performed in eight recessive type 3 VWD (VWD3) families using VNTRs VWF1 and VWF2, RsaI (789Thr/Ala) linkage markers, multimer analysis and DNA sequencing. Moreover, five dominant VWD families were studied through DNA sequencing and multimer analysis. Frequency of VWF VNTR instability was investigated in 20 VWD families. In VWD3 families, a total of 22 (81.5%) carriers were identified using VWF1 and VWF2 markers. However, only 13(48.1%) carriers were identified through RsaI markers. Mutation screening revealed 22(81.5%) HSP90 carriers in VWD3 and 4 (33.3%) carriers in VWD2 families. In comparison to DNA sequencing, the accuracy of VWF1 and VWF2 markers in VWD3 was 85.7% while RsaI could identify 68.2% carriers accurately. Mutations p.R1205H and p.C1272R were identified as de novo in families. Multimer analysis confirmed the identified carriers in VWD2 families. Three VWD families were found to be carrying VNTR instability for VWF1 and VWF2 locus. VNTRs could be an effective linkage markers for carrier detection in VWD3 families. However, in the event of germline de novo mutations and VNTR instability, it may confound risk of misdiagnosis of carriers. Multimer analysis could be an alternative way of carrier detection in dominant type 2A and type 2B VWD families.

Conclusions:  According to our simulation, the relatively high risk of cancer in patients with IM and the substantial efficacy of endoscopic surveillance in reducing cancer-related mortality would support the cost-effectiveness

of an endoscopic surveillance program in patients with IM. Further research is needed before implementing it in the clinical practice. “
“Background and Aims:  Ten-day sequential therapy with a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and amoxicillin followed by a PPI, clarithromycin, and an imidazole typically achieves CHIR-99021 purchase Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rates between 90 and 94% (i.e., Grade B success). It has been suggested that prolonging the duration of therapy might improve the treatment success. We tested whether prolonging treatment duration to 14-days would improve the results to 95% or greater eradication. Methods:  This was a multi-center, single site, pilot study in which H. pylori-infected patients received a 14-day sequential therapy (esomeprazole and amoxicillin for 7 days followed by esomeprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for

7 days). H. pylori status was assessed 8 weeks after therapy. Success was defined as achieving 95% or greater eradication by per-protocol (PP) analysis. Results:  One hundred and twenty-three subjects received the 14-day sequential therapy. The eradication rate was 93.9% Romidepsin solubility dmso (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.5–98.3%) by PP and 91.9% (95% CI, 87.1–96.7%) by intention-to-treat analysis. Adverse events were experienced by 21.1%; compliance of 90% or greater was 95.9%. Conclusions:  Extending sequential therapy to 14 days did not result in improving the treatment outcome to 95%

or greater. “
“Background & objectives:  The aim of this document is to provide a methodological framework and to review key 6-phosphogluconolactonase aspects for adequately designing trials to evaluate new treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods:  Non-systematic literature review. Results & conclusions:  Regarding the design of the article, we suggest selecting for future trials drugs to which H. pylori has no significant primary resistances and evaluating therapies with pilot studies before engaging in randomized trials. The manuscript defines how the number and type of H. pylori diagnostic tests necessary before and after the trial depend on the setting and reliability of the tests. It recommends the best methods and timing for H. pylori testing before and after therapy. Other recommendations are using current standard treatments as comparators of new therapies, determining antibiotic sensitivity – whenever useful and possible – using adequate randomization and allocation concealment but not necessarily blinding, and performing an intention-to-treat and a per-protocol analysis. In addition, we give basic tips for reporting and discussing study results. “
“The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is high, but the incidence of gastric cancer is low in natives of Bangladesh.

Conclusions:  According to our simulation, the relatively high risk of cancer in patients with IM and the substantial efficacy of endoscopic surveillance in reducing cancer-related mortality would support the cost-effectiveness

of an endoscopic surveillance program in patients with IM. Further research is needed before implementing it in the clinical practice. “
“Background and Aims:  Ten-day sequential therapy with a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and amoxicillin followed by a PPI, clarithromycin, and an imidazole typically achieves ICG-001 manufacturer Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rates between 90 and 94% (i.e., Grade B success). It has been suggested that prolonging the duration of therapy might improve the treatment success. We tested whether prolonging treatment duration to 14-days would improve the results to 95% or greater eradication. Methods:  This was a multi-center, single site, pilot study in which H. pylori-infected patients received a 14-day sequential therapy (esomeprazole and amoxicillin for 7 days followed by esomeprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for

7 days). H. pylori status was assessed 8 weeks after therapy. Success was defined as achieving 95% or greater eradication by per-protocol (PP) analysis. Results:  One hundred and twenty-three subjects received the 14-day sequential therapy. The eradication rate was 93.9% AUY-922 (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.5–98.3%) by PP and 91.9% (95% CI, 87.1–96.7%) by intention-to-treat analysis. Adverse events were experienced by 21.1%; compliance of 90% or greater was 95.9%. Conclusions:  Extending sequential therapy to 14 days did not result in improving the treatment outcome to 95%

or greater. “
“Background & objectives:  The aim of this document is to provide a methodological framework and to review key Fenbendazole aspects for adequately designing trials to evaluate new treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods:  Non-systematic literature review. Results & conclusions:  Regarding the design of the article, we suggest selecting for future trials drugs to which H. pylori has no significant primary resistances and evaluating therapies with pilot studies before engaging in randomized trials. The manuscript defines how the number and type of H. pylori diagnostic tests necessary before and after the trial depend on the setting and reliability of the tests. It recommends the best methods and timing for H. pylori testing before and after therapy. Other recommendations are using current standard treatments as comparators of new therapies, determining antibiotic sensitivity – whenever useful and possible – using adequate randomization and allocation concealment but not necessarily blinding, and performing an intention-to-treat and a per-protocol analysis. In addition, we give basic tips for reporting and discussing study results. “
“The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is high, but the incidence of gastric cancer is low in natives of Bangladesh.

Conclusions:  According to our simulation, the relatively high risk of cancer in patients with IM and the substantial efficacy of endoscopic surveillance in reducing cancer-related mortality would support the cost-effectiveness

of an endoscopic surveillance program in patients with IM. Further research is needed before implementing it in the clinical practice. “
“Background and Aims:  Ten-day sequential therapy with a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and amoxicillin followed by a PPI, clarithromycin, and an imidazole typically achieves check details Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rates between 90 and 94% (i.e., Grade B success). It has been suggested that prolonging the duration of therapy might improve the treatment success. We tested whether prolonging treatment duration to 14-days would improve the results to 95% or greater eradication. Methods:  This was a multi-center, single site, pilot study in which H. pylori-infected patients received a 14-day sequential therapy (esomeprazole and amoxicillin for 7 days followed by esomeprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for

7 days). H. pylori status was assessed 8 weeks after therapy. Success was defined as achieving 95% or greater eradication by per-protocol (PP) analysis. Results:  One hundred and twenty-three subjects received the 14-day sequential therapy. The eradication rate was 93.9% Selleck NVP-LDE225 (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.5–98.3%) by PP and 91.9% (95% CI, 87.1–96.7%) by intention-to-treat analysis. Adverse events were experienced by 21.1%; compliance of 90% or greater was 95.9%. Conclusions:  Extending sequential therapy to 14 days did not result in improving the treatment outcome to 95%

or greater. “
“Background & objectives:  The aim of this document is to provide a methodological framework and to review key click here aspects for adequately designing trials to evaluate new treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods:  Non-systematic literature review. Results & conclusions:  Regarding the design of the article, we suggest selecting for future trials drugs to which H. pylori has no significant primary resistances and evaluating therapies with pilot studies before engaging in randomized trials. The manuscript defines how the number and type of H. pylori diagnostic tests necessary before and after the trial depend on the setting and reliability of the tests. It recommends the best methods and timing for H. pylori testing before and after therapy. Other recommendations are using current standard treatments as comparators of new therapies, determining antibiotic sensitivity – whenever useful and possible – using adequate randomization and allocation concealment but not necessarily blinding, and performing an intention-to-treat and a per-protocol analysis. In addition, we give basic tips for reporting and discussing study results. “
“The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is high, but the incidence of gastric cancer is low in natives of Bangladesh.

A catheter was percutaneously inserted into the abscess pocket, and purulent pus was drained. Systemic antibiotics were administered. Although percutaneous drainage was maintained for the liver abscess, there was no clinical or radiological improvement. Three weeks after percutaneous drainage, we found the Omipalisib order bile in percutaneous drainage effluent from the liver abscess turned green. A biliary fistula was suspected and was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Results: The patient underwent treatment by endoscopic sphincterotomy

and nasobiliary drainage. Nasobiliary drains were placed according to standard techniques. The patient had a rapid resolution of symptoms, and a follow-up abdominal ultrasonography showed that the size of abscess pocket decreased markedly measuring approximately 6.0 cm*1.4 cm ten days after. Nasobiliary drains were removed when effluent from the liver abscess stopped and closure of the fistula was confirmed by cholangiography. Conclusion: Endoscopic therapy is an effective mode of treatment for biliary fistulas complicating liver abscesses. Key Word(s): 1. Liver abscess; 2. Biliary fistula; 3. ERCP; 4. ENBD;

Presenting Author: VIJAY SHARMA Additional Authors: RICHA SHARMA, BRIJESH BHARADWAJ, MOHIT CHATURVEDI, DINESH MANGAL Corresponding Author: VIJAY SHARMA Affiliations: Regional Institute of Health, Medicine & Research; S K Soni Hospital Objective: Radiation colitis, an insidious, progressive disease of increasing frequency, IWR-1 ic50 develops 6 mo Cell press to 5 years after regional radiotherapy for malignancy, owing to the deleterious effects of the latter on the colon and the small intestine. Management of chronic radiation colitis remains a major challenge owing to the progressive evolution of the disease, including development of fibrosis, endarteritis, edema, fragility, perforation, partial obstruction, and cancer. Patients are commonly managed conservatively. Methods: Our purposes

were to (1) evaluate efficacy and safety of bipolar heater probe endoscopic coagulation compared to prior medical therapy for bleeding radiation telangiectasia, and (2) consider the impact of treatments on patients’ impression of their overall health and activity.Six months of medical management had failed in 2 men and 9 women with chronic, recurrent hematochezia and anemia after radiation treatment of pelvic malignancies. Patients had multiple rectal telangiectasias coagulated with bipolar heater probes CD 120 U with Olympus HPU 20 unit in a randomized, prospective study. Patients followed for 6 months. Results: Rectal bleeding stopped within four treatment sessions. During 6 months of endoscopic versus medical therapy, severe bleeding episodes diminished significantly for bipolar heater probe versus 6 months of prior medical therapy (79% vs 37%); mean hematocrits rose significantly for patients undergoing bipolar heater probe (40.2 vs 30.