11) and Bacteroidetes (p = 0.13) (JIB04 molecular weight Additional file 3: Figure S3a and S3b, respectively and Additional file 4: Table S1, Additional file 5: Table

S2, respectively). A matched pair comparison evaluation of the abundances of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes to one another yielded a non-significant response (Additional file 3: Figure S3c). A core see more set of six phyla were observed in all animals regardless of dietary treatment, and they were; Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Nitrospirae, and Fusobacteria. With the exception of one animal (255) that lacked Spirochaetes, seven phyla would have been observed. Figure 3 Distributions of phyla. A. The distribution of major phyla (≥ 99.5% abundance) based on bacterial counts among 20 beef cattle DMXAA feed five diets. B. Distribution of the most abundant phyla averaged across the dietary treatments. CON = Control, 10 C = 10% Corn, 5S = 5% Sorghum,

10S = 10% Sorghum, 15S = 15% Sorghum. Distribution of bacterial class, order and families by treatment The response of the most abundant bacteria at the phylogenetic levels of class, order and family is revealed in a series of heat maps (Additional file 6: Figure S4) and, for further clarification, (Additional file 7: Figure S5a and b) in abundance plots showing both the individual animal response to diet and the averaged response to diet. For clarity and visualization purposes only the top 50 bacterial orders (Additional file 8: Figure S6) and the top 60 bacterial families (Additional file 9: Figure S7) are presented in heat maps. For corresponding abundance plots, the cutoffs are at the 97-99% abundance levels and orders and families are presented (Additional file 10: Figure S8a and b; Additional file 11: Figure S9a and b, respectively). With respect to abundance levels of Clostridia, Bacteroidia, and Gammaproteobacteria, animal 255 microbial community was the most disparate from all the other PJ34 HCl animals. The relative abundance of Clostridia was substantially lower and the relative abundance of Bacteroidia

and Gammaproteobacteria were greater (Additional file 7: Figure S5a and b). This effect is expressed at the phylogenetic level of bacterial orders with lower Clostridiales and greater Bacteroidales and Enterobacteriales (Additional file 10: Figure S8a and b) down to the level of families with lower abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiaceae and greater levels of Prevotella (Additional file 11: Figure S9a and b). Other animals appeared to be variable with respect to one or two other taxa such as number 20, 123, and 296 when viewing patterns observed on the heat maps (e.g., Figure 4 and Additional file 9: Figure S7). Figure 4 Influence of wet DG diets on beef cattle fecal microbiota on the top 60 most abundant genera (representing ≥ 98% of the observed community). CON = Control, 10 C = 10% Corn, 5S = 5% Sorghum, 10S = 10% Sorghum, 15S = 15% Sorghum.