The propagation vectors associated with Mn3+ and Mn4+ sublattices are (0 0 1/2) and (1/2 0 1/2), respectively. The maximum refined magnetic moments of Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions in x = 0.20 sample are found to be 3.20 mu(B) and 3.00 mu(B), respectively. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3656714]“
“This

study was designed to generate information on the click here microbiological quality of the clam, Galatea paradoxa harvested from the Volta estuary in Ghana. Total Viable Counts (TVC) for heterotrophic bacteria, Total coliforms (TC) and Faecal Coliforms (FC) as indicators of faecal contamination, were evaluated in the rainy season (June-August) and in the dry season (January-February). G. paradoxa from the estuary were found to be highly contaminated with the above mentioned micro-flora. There was a significant seasonal variation (p < 0.03) in the levels of total

heterotrophic bacteria (TVC), total coliforms (TC) and faecal coliforms (FC). Total viable counts of heterotrophic bacteria in clams in the rainy season (June-August) was significantly lower (p < 0.03); (June, 1.0 x 10(7) cfu/g) than for the dry season (February, 7.0 x 10(10) cfu/g). Total coliforms (TC) and FC portrayed a similar trend, being significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the dry season EPZ5676 inhibitor (1.0 x 10(11)) than the rainy season (2.4 x 104 and 1.3 x 104/g). Considering the importance of the clam fishery as an affordable protein source and a source of livelihood to the riparian communities along the Volta estuary, it is recommended that monitoring

and regulatory controls of the fishery and growing waters be enforced whilst public education on the importance of depuration as a means of decontaminating the clams be pursued vigorously.”
“P-glycoprotein may play a role in drug resistance in epilepsy by limiting gastrointestinal absorption and brain access of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). We sought to investigate the effects of ABCB1 polymorphisms on plasma carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations and pharmacoresistance in Chinese patients with epilepsy. C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T polymorphisms of ABCB1 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or direct automated DNA sequencing CH5424802 inhibitor in 84 patients treated with CBZ monotherapy. Patients with 3435-TT (n = 15) had lower adjusted CBZ concentrations than those with 3435-CC (n = 30) (P = 0.026). However there were no associations between all the studied genotypes, haplotypes, or diplotypes involving ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T polymorphisms and pharmacoresistance in the patient cohort. Our results suggest that ABCB1 3435-TT is associated with decreased plasma CBZ levels in Chinese patients with epilepsy. However, whether this contributes to CBZ resistance needs to be further investigated in a larger cohort of patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.