Neutrophil dysfunction has recently been shown to be an important biomarker of poor prognosis in AALF. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is abundantly expressed in neutrophil azurophilic granules and MI-503 chemical structure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which kill invading pathogens but during AALF also induce bystander damage and MOF. Actin, a cytoskeletal globular protein, plays a key role in neutrophil degranulation.

Therefore we sought to determine the neutrophil spontaneous oxidative burst (SOB), MPO degranulation and actin production in AALF (n=11) compared to healthy controls (HC) (n=10). Methods: Neutrophil SOB was measured by the conversion of dihydrorhodamine to rhodamine by peroxidase. Leukocytes were stained with fluorochrome-bound anti-CD16/CD11b/ MPO antibodies to determine the neutrophil extracellular (EC) and intracellular (IC) (after permeabilisation) changes following the addition of E. coli, by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on isolated leukocytes from whole blood and stained with primary mouse (anti-actin and anti-MPO) antibodies independently and then with secondary gold-conjugated antibodies. Stained sections were viewed

using TEM and images were acquired with a digital camera. The gold particles present JQ1 research buy in the cells were counted using ImageJ software and relative labelling index (RLI) was calculated to determine the specificity of the stain (<1-random and non-specific labelling).

Plasma cytokines were also measured. Results: SOB was increased in AALF neutrophils compared to HC (p<0.0001). Baseline EC MPO was increased in AALF patients compared to HC (p<0.0001). Following E. coli stimulation, EC MPO was increased in HC compared to baseline (p<0.05) but not in AALF. There was no difference in the MCE公司 baseline or post stimulation IC MPO between AALF and HC. TEM revealed no difference in the MPO labelling in AALF compared to HC. However, actin was increased in the cytoplasm of neutrophils (RLI>1) in AALF compared to HC (p<0.005; degree of freedom 1). Plasma IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in AALF compared to HC (p<0.0001). Conclusion: These data show that there is no deficiency in the production of MPO in AALF. However the increase in neutrophil SOB, degranulation as measured by actin and EC MPO in AALF implies that granules translocate to the cell surface releasing ROS into the tissues thereby contributing to bystander damage and organ failure. Disclosures: William Bernal – Consulting: Vital Therapies Inc Julia Wendon – Consulting: Pulsion, Excalenz Debbie Shawcross – Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Norgine; Grant/ Research Support: Norgine; Speaking and Teaching: Norgine The following people have nothing to disclose: Godhev K.