The web address is: www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/LipoP.13 A protein sub cellular localization was influenced by several click here features present within the protein’s primary structure, such as the presence of a signal peptide or membrane-spanning alpha-helices. The server used to predict the membrane spanning probability. The web address is: http://www.psort.org/psortb/.14 Those proteins selected from aforementioned programs were screened and filtered further for conserved nature among the genus Shigella sp. In view, protein databases of S. boydii (Sbd), S. flexneri (Sfx), S. dysenteriae (Sdt), S. pseudotuberculosis (Spt), and S. rettegeri

(Srt) were used in analysis. Finally, those proteins shown homology in all four Yersinia sp. GSK 3 inhibitor were considered as vaccine leads. The web address is: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. 15 and 16 In total 4470 proteins of S. sonnei, signalP sorted 333 proteins harboring signal sequence. The selection of each surface antigen was based on positive peptide signals for all five values measured as: max. C, max. Y, max. S, mean S, and mean D as shown in Fig. 1(A and B). By screening 4470 proteins of S. sonnei, algorithm predicted presence of transmembrane

helices in the 326 proteins, which were further screened for number of transmembrane helices spanned by each protein in the membrane. Hence in decision, leads having more than two transmembrane helices were not considered as leads as in nearly Fig. 2. Out of 4470 proteins of S. sonnei screened for presence of lipoprotein, only 461 predicted to have defined signals, collectively for Sp I and Sp II enzymes. The positive leads as lipoprotein were selected based on highest score obtained by either Sp I or Sp II as compared to score of TMH and CYT as in Fig. 3(A and B). In PSORTb, out of 4470 proteins, only 1005 proteins predicted positive for surface antigen

nature which suggested that these proteins could span plasma or cell wall region as shown in Fig. 4. Advanced BLASTP program with E-value threshold of 0.0001 helped to find out Shigella specific conserved vaccine leads obtained from four programs. BLASTP has reduced the vaccine lead number to acceptable total 63. These leads were finally represented as vaccine candidates as they all qualified for conserved lipoproteins and cell wall anchored proteins which was required for vaccine success as in Table 1. The availability of complete genome sequences of pathogens has dramatically changed the scope for developing improved and novel vaccines by increasing the speed of target identification. The reverse vaccinology approach takes an advantage of the genome sequence of the pathogen. In view, we have attempted to use the reverse vaccinology approach to decipher the potent surface antigens by which highly conserved 63 plasma membrane anchored proteins were reported.