Similarly, RBC counts in TPO treated mice also showed significant increased recovery on days 7, 14 and 21, suggesting that APS and TPO have similar effects on the recovery of RBC cells. The changes of WBC cell counts in the experiment were shown in Figure 2B. WBC counts in APS treated mice showed significantly increased selleck kinase inhibitor recovery on days 7, 14 and 21. Similarly, WBC counts in TPO treated mice also showed significantly increased recovery on day 7, 14 and 21, suggesting that APS and TPO have similar effects. Mice treated with APS at 10 mg/kg/day showed significantly higher platelet number on days 14 and 21 and accelerated the platelet recovery compared with that of the control mice. Similarly, TPO treatment at 1 ug/kg/day signifi cantly increased the platelet counts comparing to that of control on day 14 and 21.

This thrombocytopoietic activ ity of APS was similar to that of TPO as there were no significant differences in the platelet counts between samples treated with APS and TPO. Effects of APS on the total body weight and organ weight Animal body weights in vehicle, APS and TPO treated groups were determined on days 0, 7, 14 and 21, respec tively. It showed a gradually increase on days 14 and 21. However, there was a body weight decrease in vehicle and TPO treated animals on day 7 after irra diated treatment, but this decrease was not observed in APS treated mice. It is possible that APS protects the loss of body weight resulted from irradia tion. The body weights for mice treated with APS on days 14 and 21 were significantly smaller than those in the control group.

Similarly, TPO treated mice showed signifi cantly smaller body weight on days 14 and 21. In the comparison of organ size, spleens in the APS treated mice were significantly larger than those in the control and TPO treated groups. To determine the net effects of APS on the animal organ size, we normalized the weight of the organ to that of the body. As shown, both liver and spleen from the APS treated mice were significantly larger than those of the control group and the TPO treated group. The mechanisms underlying this observation remain to be elucidated. APS significantly increased the formation of bone marrow CFU We then tested the in vivo effect of APS on the forma tion of hematopoietic CFU of the myeloid, erythroid, mixed and megakaryocytic lineages, and bone marrow stromal cells.

Bone marrow cells in control, APS and TPO treated animals were collected and cul tured for CFU assays. A pilot study has been conducted to demonstrate the dose dependent effects of APS on bone marrow cells productions and also to determine the optimal dose to be used Drug_discovery in the following studies. As shown in Figure 4 treatment with APS led to significant increase of the formation of CFU GM, BFU E, CFU GEMM, CFU MK and CFU F. The different cell lineages, treatment groups and the corre sponding mean CFU counts are shown in Table 1.