Reported median incision length was 35 (20�C55) mm. Several authors reported inhibitor manufacture widening the initial incision for extraction of the specimen in Crohn’s disease patients with enlarged mesentery. For all SPLS procedures in IBD, cases of conversions to multiport surgery were reported in 14 studies and cases of conversion to open surgery were reported in 10 studies. Reasons for conversions were medically related issues such as intraoperative bleeding [20], firm adhesions and previous surgery [12, 20, 27, 29], fistulizing disease (interenteric fistula, conglomerate tumors, or masses [8, 16, 20], friability of the inflamed mesentery [12], obesity [8, 30], or technically related aspects such as gas leak [30], instable port placement [17], inappropriate traction [8, 12, 29], difficulties in flexure mobilization [9], and time constraints [17].

Complications in SPLS procedures in IBD were reported in 22 studies. These complications included anastomotic leakage, bleeding, ileus, bowel obstruction, intraabdominal abscesses, wound infections, delayed thermal injury to bowel, peristomal emphysema, ejaculation dysfunction, acute urine retention, incisional hernia, stenoses, and cardiovascular, pulmonary, and thromboembolic events (Tables (Tables11�C3). Re-operations due to complications were stated in 8 studies. Mortality was reported in 4 studies [8, 12, 29, 36] and specified in 3 of them. One case of mortality was reported after substantial intraoperative bleeding during externalization of the colon for an extracorporeal anastomosis after right hemicolectomy [36].

Another case of mortality due to pulmonary embolism was found in one study, although it remains unclear whether this was a patient with IBD [29]. A third case of mortality due to cardiopulmonary failure was reported in a patient undergoing SPLS sigmoidectomy for complicated diverticulitis [8]. 4. Discussion The current review of the literature shows that single-port laparoscopic surgery has gained entrance into the surgical treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The number of publications on the subject is growing at a fast pace: whereas first case reports arose in 2010, larger case series from specialized centers are now available that demonstrate the feasibility of SPLS in IBD. Additionally, Batimastat some comparative studies have been published lately, mostly comparing SPLS to historical cohorts of patients with traditional multiport laparoscopic surgery. Evidence from prospectively designed, randomized studies concerning SPLS in IBD is not presently available. Therefore, benefits of SPLS in IBD were not demonstrated so far.