Our analysis was limited to the patients enrolled in the database Hydroxychloroquine from 1996 to 2004 (the HAART era). We defined the start of the follow-up period as the date of first receipt of care for HIV infection at a VA facility from the date of registration in the CCR, the date of the first HIV-related laboratory test, or the date of a clinic visit or hospital admission; whichever came first. We performed time-to-event modelling using the interval from the start

of the follow-up period to 31 December 2004, or 6 months after care was last received at a VA facility. The percentages of HIV-infected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with hypercholesterolaemia (defined as TC ≥240 mg/dL) and hypertriglyceridaemia (defined as serum TG ≥200 mg/dL) were calculated. To account for the fact that some previously dyslipidaemic patients could have normalized lipid profiles during the period of observation because they were receiving lipid-lowering medications, we calculated a composite endpoint combining patients with laboratory evidence of dyslipidaemia

(hypercholesterolaemia and/or hypertriglyceridaemia) with those on lipid-lowering therapy. Baseline characteristics were compared using the χ2 test or the t-test as appropriate. Rates of AMI and CVD among HIV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were calculated. Logistic regression models were fitted to model whether or not a patient experienced an event (AMI or CVD separately). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to model the Y-27632 ic50 time until an event (AMI or CVD separately). Univariate and multivariate models were fitted for the dichotomous (logistic regression) and time-to-event (Cox proportional hazards) analyses. The multivariate models included

the traditional cardiovascular risk factors of age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking. Additionally, Selleckchem Bortezomib the Cox proportional hazards models included antiretroviral therapy (ART) as a time-varying covariate. All analyses were performed using sas v9.13 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). We identified 19 424 patients who used VA services for HIV disease during the study period. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.93 years, and total follow-up was 76 376 patient-years. The mean age at registry entry was 46.2 years [standard deviation (SD) 10.2 years]. The proportion of males was 97.5%. The reported primary HIV risk factors were homosexual contact (19%), IDU (10%), heterosexual contact (9%), and multiple, unknown or unreported (62%). A total of 15 000 (77%) patients have received any ART for at least 30 days during the follow-up period. Mean treatment duration was 1.93 (SD 2.07) years. During the entire period of observation, 26.5 and 53.7% of the patient population met our definition for hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia, respectively. A higher proportion (62.