However, its use as an indicator of sustainable forest management practices has been limited both by difficulties in detecting changes in soil carbon due to inherent high variability and by challenges associated

with determining appropriate thresholds for loss. In this study we evaluate a methodology for using field measures of total SOC (forest floor to 60 cm depth in mineral soil) in conjunction with a mechanistic forest growth model to derive threshold values for total SOC with respect to the maintenance of ecosystem productivity for a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest in the central interior region of British Columbia. We also examine the practicality of implementing a sustainable forest management (SFM) monitoring program around this measure and the potential long-term impact of alternative management scenarios on the indicator.\n\nTotal SOC contents EPZ004777 datasheet for the different site types sampled in the Quesnel region Dorsomorphin ranged from 35 to 57 t ha(-1). Long-term simulations of biomass extraction over several

rotations showed a near 1:1 ratio in the relative decline of ecosystem productivity associated with relative declines in total SOC. A power analysis revealed that a mean sampling intensity of n = 12-25 and n = 8-17 would be required to detect 20% and 30% losses of total SOC, respectively, depending on the level of statistical power desired. The sampling intensity required for an effective monitoring program was significantly reduced by summing SOC for all soil layers to limit sampling error related to determination of layer boundaries. Momelotinib manufacturer A modelling analysis of the effect of rotation length on SOC for the Quesnel forest types, suggests that rotation lengths

shorter than 75 years should be avoided to prevent declines in ecosystem productivity. Our results confirm that the combination of modelling and statistical techniques can be successfully used to develop cost-efficient monitoring plans of sustainability of forest management, with SOC as a valid indicator of ecosystem productivity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose Swanson’s technique for repair of the extensor tendon of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, entailing bony reattachment of the extensor tendon to the base of the middle phalanx, is a common procedure. We introduce a repair technique that is less complicated and that may be equally appropriate for approach to the PIP joint. The extensor tendon is incised longitudinally directly over the PIP joint. The insertion of the central slip and capsule are elevated off of the base of the middle phalanx. This allows excellent visualization of the PIP joint. The extensor tendon is then repaired by side-to-side approximation using Ethibond suture. The purpose of this study was to test and compare the strength of this proposed technique with that of Swanson in a cadaver model.