MKK turn MAP kinase by phosphorylation of MAPK threonine and tyrosine residues is adjacent stored in a loop activation patterns activated, TXY, between the kinase subdomains VII and VIII Furthermo Re MKK 3 and 6 are specific for p38 ad Supply MKK 4 erismodegib also activates JNK. Once enabled, a set of MAPKs substrate proteins For phosphorylation downstream, including the downstream serine / threonine kinases, cytoskeletal elements, regulators of cell death, and many nuclear receptors and factors targeted transcription NF B ? or CAAT enhancer binding protein , which facilitates gene transcription. For example, NF B ? bind promoter regions of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines genes and activate their transcription. In addition to the regulation of the expression of inflammatory mediators MAPK also in the regulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen compounds, the t essential for microbes engulfed by phagocytes Involved th.
MAPK gene expression regulated by the F Promotion chromatin remodeling and participate in transport, stabilization and translation of cytokine mRNA transcripts that contain AU-rich elements. It is well known that the active p38 two proteins Kinaseactivated by phosphorylation. MK 2 turn inactivates BMS-536924 transactions tristetraprolin protein-RNA binding by phosphorylation of serine 178 and 52 This phosphorylation TTP receivership with 14: 3: 3, and inhibits the binding of TTP with ARE mRNA. Thus, mRNAs are unaffected by shuttle TTP Mining Machinery TTP mediated deadenylation and destabilization ARE the transcripts are inhibited,. An opportunity for mRNA Translation Once the inflammatory stimulus gel St is to modulate negative regulators of St Strength and duration of the activated MAPK pathway and embroidered l production of inflammatory cytokines, so that the actions of potentially devastating immune system h You and Pr convention Selbstzerst from Tion.
These negative regulators go Ren tyrosine, serine / threonine and dual specificity t phosphatases. A group of dual specificity t Phosphatase protein phosphatases are primarily responsible for the dephosphorylation / deactivation of MAP kinases. MKP 1, a member of the family of MKP excellence is essential for dephosphorylation / deactivation of p38 MAPK and JNK. It also acts as a central regulator of enslavement in the innate immune response in microbial infections and plays an r The progression of periodontitis Important. 2.2. The expression of cytokines Immun. Periodontal diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation through over-production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species by immune and immune cells.
In the course of the disease, are the extent and the severity of Gewebezerst insurance the result of an overproduction of cytokines, h depends largely on the nature of the microbial host interactions. Cytokines interact functionally in networks and begin to integrate aspects of innate and acquired immunity T, the mobilization of leukocytes to the site of infection, the initiation of the adaptive immune response and acute phase. Up to now understand two pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL-1 cytokines that are significantly correlated with periodontitis.