4 U/ml > butanol – 2.7 U/ml. Highest levels of activity was observed in hexane according to Baharum et al28 The effect of detergents on lipase production is shown in Fig. 8. Triton X 100 at 1% showed highest lipase activity of 22 U/ml, whereas reduced activity was observed with SDS and hydrogen peroxide. Zhang et.al29 studied the most effective time for inducer addition to Candida rugosa cultures and observed, that addition of Tween 80 at an earlier period of cultivation

i.e 0 or 6 h was more effective than at a later stage say 18 h. Higher levels of lipase production might be due to the substrate forming emulsion so as to present an interfacial area to the enzyme. The strain MK-1, producing lipase was identified as S. hominis. Our results confirms it to be a growth associative model and inducible NVP-AUY922 order enzyme. Microbial lipases has been shown to be influenced by several factors namely, temperature, pH, oil source, nitrogen, solvent, metal ions, detergents etc. Compounds like oils and surfactants have been described as agents, that increases the production of enzymes with lipolytic activity. Hence, it is essential to optimize the sources. Significant percentage of produced enzyme was on the cell membrane, while the extracellular enzyme represented only about 40%. Surfactants

have the ability to solubilise lipids on the membrane, forming micelles and Olaparib in vivo extracting membrane bound proteins. 30 The most widely used lipid inducer are fatty acids, triacylglycerols and some esters. Our results demonstrated, increased extracellular lipolytic activity

Montelukast Sodium with Triton X100, Tween 80, each one by a different mechanism. First, by allowing a release of membrane bound enzymes without causing too much cell damage and the second, by favouring lysis, which triggers the release of both membrane and intracellular protein. As a consequence, the extracellular lipolytic activity is considerably increased. Thus it is not necessary to use techniques like ultrasounds to achieve cell lysis. Bacterial strains are generally used, as they offer higher activities, compared to yeasts and tend to have neutral/alkaline pH optima and are thermo stable. Present study showed, that Ca2+play an important role in influencing the structure and function of enzyme. The S. hominis lipase identified strain S. hominis MTCC 8980/JX961712,when supplied with essential nutrients showed moderate levels of lipase production. To conclude, highest lipase production of 22.3 U/ml was observed at 40 °C and 14.7 U/ml at pH7. Obtained results confirms, that Staphylococcus lipases are more specific to long chain fatty acids. Hence, this strain can be a better source for the increased production of lipase by inducing genetic manipulation. The author has none to declare. The author thank Dr. Tapan Chakravarthy, Microbial Type Culture Collection, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India for identifying the organism.