Later specific effects on microbial growth became evident, followed by an understanding of nitric oxide as an antioxidant in processed meat, while a future recognition of nitric oxide as modulator of transmetallisation reactions in meat seems possible. Central

for all these functions of nitric oxide in meat is the heme cavity in the meat pigment myoglobin with its facile conversions among reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in certain cases assisted by curing additives such as ascorbate and with a possible involvement of nitroxyl. (C) 2011 Published selleck products by Elsevier Inc.”
“Porcine Torque teno virus (TTV), a single-stranded circular DNA virus, has been incriminated in swine diseases recently. Multiple infection with porcine TTV species 1 (PTTV1) and species 2 (PTTV2), each consisting of two types (PTTV1a and 1b) or subtypes (PTTV2b and 2c), in a single pig had been reported by our group previously. The present study described three IPI145 novel assays for quantitation and differential detection of porcine TTV. First, we developed two SYBR green-based real-time PCR assays to quantify viral loads of two porcine Try species, respectively. The PTTV1- and PTTV2-specific real-time PCR primer sequences were selected to target conserved regions identified by multiple alignments of ten available

porcine TTV full-length genomes. Furthermore, by coupling the two singleplex

PCR assays, a duplex real-time PCR assay followed by melting curve analysis was established for simultaneous detection and differentiation of PTTV1 and PTTV2. In addition, a type-specific duplex nested PCR was also developed to simultaneously detect and distinguish between the two types, PTTV1a and 1b, in PTTV1 species. These assays provide rapid and practical tools for molecular Selleckchem LY3023414 diagnosis of species- or type-specific porcine TTV. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Red blood cells (RBC) play an important role in the balance between generation and scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) and hence its local bioavailability and influence on vasomotor control. Previous studies have reported increased NO levels in RBC suspensions subsequent to exposure to shear forces; the present study was designed to further investigate changes in intracellular NO concentration and possible mechanisms involved for RBC exposed to well-controlled shear forces. Attached human RBC were subjected to shear stresses up to 0.1 Pa in a parallel-plate flow channel; fluorescent methods were used to monitor changes in intracellular NO and calcium concentrations. Intracellular NO concentration, estimated by the fluorescence level of 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate (OAF-FM), increased sharply within 30 s following the application of shear stress between 0.013 and 0.1 Pa.