POST, 123 ± 7 kg, p = 0.001) and the PLA group increased by 7.0% (PRE, 118 ± 8 kg vs. POST, 127 ± 8 kg, p = 0.001) (See Figure 3). Figure 3 Leg press one-repetition maximum (1RM) (A) and chest press 1RM (B). * Indicates main time effect (p = 0.001). Before and after six weeks of resistance training and supplementation with multi- ingredient performance supplement (MIPS, n = 13) or placebo (PLA, n = 9). Bars are MGCD0103 cost means ± SE. When adjusted for individual LM (relative strength), the previously noted time effects were maintained for all 1RM measures (p = 0.001). Post-hoc analysis indicated that in LP, the MIPS group increased with training by 19.9% (PRE, 11.5 ± 2.8 vs. POST,

14.4 ± 2.6, p < 0.001) and the PLA group increased by 25.8% (PRE, 10.8 ± 1.8 vs. POST, 14.6 ± 2.2, p < 0.001). For CP, MIPS increased by 8.6% (PRE, 3.9 ± 0.8 vs. POST, 4.2 ± 0.8, p = 0.001) and the PLA group increased by 6.9% (PRE, 4.0 ± 0.5 vs. POST, 4.3 ± 0.5, p = 0.001). Three-day food intake Eight participants satisfactorily completed the LY2109761 three-day food logs (MIPS, n = 5; PLA, n = 3). In this subset, there were no significant differences between groups in average kilocalories

(MIPS, 37.6 ± 8.3 kcal/kg/day vs. PLA, 25.3 ± 5.8 kcal/kg/day, p = 0.34), protein (MIPS, 1.9 ±0.5 g/kg/day vs. PLA, 1.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/day, p = 0.56), carbohydrate (MIPS, 3.2 ± 0.7 g/kg/day vs. PLA, 2.5 ± 0.8 g/kg/day, p = 0.49), fat (MIPS, 1.8 ± 0.8 g/kg/day vs. PLA, 1.0 ± 0.9 g/kg/day, p = 0.51), or caffeine (MIPS, 2.2 ± 0.8 mg/kg/day vs. PLA, 1.9 ± 0.7 mg/kg/day, p = 0.49) consumed before or after training. Discussion The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of pre- and post-RT supplementation with MIPS on body composition, muscle strength, and power in resistance-trained

men participating in a six-week periodized RT program. With this specific population, any gains in strength should be almost entirely due to physiological and hypertrophic changes to the trained muscles, rather than improvements in neuromuscular coordination. Shelmadine et al. [14] noted large increases in markers of satellite cell activation and hypertrophy, and modest increases in LM (4.8%) for their MIPS group after only four weeks in untrained men. By increasing the time course and total volume of training in the present study, we aimed to augment the opportunity for muscle growth. Branched chain aminotransferase In addition to ingesting SHOT before exercise, our participants also consumed one serving of SYNTH immediately post-exercise and on every non-training day. This supplementation model, similar to that used by Spillane et al. [21], provided a better environment for muscle hypertrophy and recovery and supplement loading than the modality used by Shelmadine et al. [14]. Both Shelmadine et al. and Spillane et al. [14, 21] allowed participants to train independently, while the present study monitored all training sessions with experienced research staff that provided form corrections and spots for free-weight lifts.