These genes include several heat TEW-7197 mouse shock-type chaperones

and proteases (Swit_0619, Swit_1146, Swit_1147) (Table 1). Table 1 Select genes whose expression levels responded to short-term (30 min) perturbation with sodium PHA-848125 chemical structure chloride or PEG8000 (FDR < 0.05, fold-difference > 2). Gene ID Gene Product Sodium chloride expression fold-change PEG8000 expression fold-change Regulation type Swit_0619 heat shock protein Hsp20 3.2 6.2 up Swit_1146 ATP-dependent protease La 3.8 4.8 up Swit_1147 molecular chaperone (small heat shock protein)-like protein 5.0 3.0 up Swit_3608 HAD family hydrolase 3.4 2.2 up Swit_3609 glycoside hydrolase 15-related 8.3 3.9 up Swit_3610 alpha, alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) 4.0 2.5 up Swit_4023 rod shape-determining protein MreB 2.3 4.1 up Swit_4523 glycosyl transferase family protein 4.1 3.8 up Swit_4524 hypothetical protein 3.3 2.7 up Swit_4526 glycosyl transferase family protein 2.3 2.8 up Swit_4527 polysaccharide biosynthesis protein 3.8 3.9 up Swit_4528 non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase 3.5 3.9 up Swit_4529 hypothetical protein 2.5 2.4 up Swit_4530 O-antigen polymerase 3.4 2.9 up Swit_4531 polysaccharide export protein 4.6 3.1 up Swit_4532 sugar

transferase 16 12 up Swit_4533 glycoside hydrolase family protein 4.3 3.2 up Swit_0212 flagellin-specific chaperone FliS-like protein 2.3 2.8 down Swit_1264 flagellar basal body P-ring protein 2.2 2.3 down Swit_1267 flagellar basal-body rod protein FlgF 2.2 2.2 down Swit_1268 flagellar basal body FlaE domain-containing PLX3397 protein 2.4 2.3

down Swit_1270 flagellar basal-body rod protein FlgC 2.5 2.7 down Swit_1286 flagellar hook-basal body complex subunit FliE 2.3 2.5 down Swit_1293 flagellar basal body-associated protein FliL 2.3 2.7 down Figure 3 COG analysis of genes whose expression levels responded to a short-term perturbation with sodium chloride or PEG8000. The proportion Loperamide of genes in select cluster of orthologous group (COG) categories were calculated for those whose expression levels were differentially expressed after short-term (30 min) perturbation with sodium chloride (panel A) or PEG8000 (panel B). Proportions were calculated for genes that had increased expression (black bars) or reduced expression (white bars) and were compared to the proportions for all genes within the complete genome (grey bars). An additional 29 genes had reduced expression after short-term perturbation with sodium chloride or PEG8000 (Figure 2 and Additional file 1). These genes are over-represented in genes involved with cell motility when compared to the complete genome (Figure 3) and include seven genes involved with flagella biosynthesis (Swit_0212, Swit_1264, Swit_1267, Swit_1268, Swit_1270, Swit_1286, Swit_1293) (Table 1).