The vehicle’s speed will be updated by (4) with the probability ps: Vj,it+1=max⁡Vj,it+1−1,0. (5) Step 4 . — Car motion: consider Xj,it+1=Xj,it+Vj,it+1·Δt. (6) In (3) to (6),Xj,i(t) and Vj,i(t) are the position and velocity of vehicle i in lane j at time interval t; Vj,max is the maximum speed of vehicles in lane j; gj,i(t) = Xj,i+1(t) − igf-1r Xj,i(t) − li+1 is the gap (number of the cells) between the leading vehicle i + 1 and following vehicle i of

lane j at time interval t; li+1 is the length of leading vehicle i + 1; the simulation time interval Δt = 1s. The vehicles will stop at the stop line when the signal is red. The proposed model uses (7) to achieve this process:  If  Signjt+1=red,  Xj,it+1≥Xj,s,  Xj,it

automaton model, the length of the cell is usually defined as the length of the vehicle, which is Δ0 = 7m. However, in order to reflect the details of the lane changing behavior, we apply the cell length as 3.5m. Hence, two cells will stand for the length of a standard car and three cells equal the length of a bus. Shown in Figure 7, when we update state of the proposed model, the unit (two or three cells) will move forward at the velocity of n integer cells per second. For each vehicle, there will be a cell left empty, which refers to the minimum safety distance between vehicles. During the lane changing procedure, the cells of both original lane and target lane will be occupied by the vehicle. The displacement of lane changing can be obtained from the driving behavior calibrated in Section 3. Figure 7 Cell partition of the intersection approach.

The basic parameters of the proposed model are listed as follows. The maximum speed in the vmax will be 6 cells per time interval. As the simulation time interval is 1 second, the maximum speed of the proposed model will be 75.6km/h, which matches the traffic condition of Chinese urban road network. 4.3. Turning-Deceleration Rule Turning vehicles, especially left-turn vehicles, could affect the traffic progression of intersection approach and produce delay for the following vehicles [20]. A turning-deceleration rule is introduced to simulate the effect when the driver Carfilzomib approaches the turn location to reduce their speed. For the sake of safety, when the turning vehicles approach the intersection, they begin decelerating from the normal speed to the desired turning speed. It is assumed that the turning speed changes at the start of the turning radius and then keeps the same throughout the turning process. In general, the left-turn speed is less than the right one. Assume the speed is one cell per time unit for the left turn and two cells for the right turn.