Our results agree well with those of a reported study [12] that also correlated TUNEL assay with99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V uptake in a murine thymoma model to GSK2118436 evaluate tumor response after radiation or cytotoxic drug treatment. It was postulated that99mTc-HYNIC-Annexin V may be

an ideal agent for imaging of early apoptosis in response to treatment. Mochizuki et al. [11] has similarly found in a KDH-8 liver cancer murine model that annexin V imaging could accurately image the cyclophosphamide induced AZ 628 supplier early apoptosis. However, in our study, as shown in Figure 6, the steep change in the 0.1 to 0.28 region poses some constraints on using this regression to predict %D/g from

TUNEL positive cells, or vice versa. Our study demonstrated that the early phase apoptosis induced by radiation is dose dependent, and99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V imaging can reflect this dose-response relationship. In EL4 lymphoma, the number of apoptotic cells detected by TUNEL in irradiated groups increased as radiation dose rose and was 1.7 to 4.9 times that of the un-irradiated groups. Within the same tumor tissue, the TUNEL results correlated well with the in vivo annexin V radioactivity which Crizotinib solubility dmso in the irradiated groups’ uptake was also 1.7 to 4.9 times that in the un-irradiated tumors. Though we did not quantify the99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V uptake in TAVS, it Bupivacaine could be visualized clearly that the intensity of tracer increased as the radiation dose escalated (Figures 2 and 3). Yong et al. [16] also reported similarly, on a murine breast tumor model, that it is feasible to use99mTc-EC-annexin to image early tumor apoptosis. Our results are consistent with a study reported by Liu [17]. However the positive correlation between early phase apoptosis

and radiation dose is considered only applicable within a limited dose range [18]. Recent findings have been reported that large single dose irradiation (8 to 15 Gy) may enhance tumor radiation sensitivity through the induction of tumor blood vessel endothelium apoptosis [19, 20]. Our study also illustrated that the degree of early phase apoptosis after irradiation might be correlated with tumor radiation sensitivity. When receiving the same irradiation dose, the EL4 lymphoma and S180 sarcoma responded differently. With a single 8 Gy irradiation, the EL4 tumor was completely controlled after radiation. This is consistent with the finding that El4 lymphoma is sensitive to radiation and usually undergoes P53 dependent apoptosis after radiation [21]. However, the S180 sarcoma was comparatively irradiation resistant as the tumor in this study remained stable for a short time after the same radiation dose and eventually relapsed.