J Phys
Chem C 2012, 116:11426–11433.eFT508 manufacturer CrossRef 31. Lee JH, Cho S, Roy A, Jung HT, Heeger AJ: Enhanced diode characteristics of organic solar cells find more using titanium suboxide electron transport layer. Appl Phys Lett 2010, 96:163303.CrossRef 32. O’reagan BC, Durrant JR: Kinetic and energetic paradigms for dye-sensitized solar cells: moving from the ideal to the real. Acc Chem Res 2009, 42:1799–1808.CrossRef 33. Park DW, Jeong Y, Lee J, Lee J, Moon SH: Interfacial charge-transfer loss in dye-sensitized solar cells. J Phys Chem C 2013, 117:2734–2739.CrossRef 34. Kim C, Kim J, Choi H, Nahm C, Kang S, Lee S, Lee B, Park B: The effect of TiO 2 -coating layer on the performance in nanoporous ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells. J Power Sources 2013, 232:159–164.CrossRef 35. Choi H, Kim J, Nahm C, Kim C, Nam S, Kang J, Lee B, Hwang T, Kang S, Choi DJ, Kim YH, Park B: The role of ZnO-coating-layer thickness on the recombination in CdS quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. Nano Energy 2013, 2:1218–1224.CrossRef 36. Kim J, Choi H, Nahm C, Kim C, Kim JI, Lee W, Kang S, Lee B, Hwang T, Park
HH, Park B: Graded bandgap structure for PbS/CdS/ZnS quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells with a Pb x Cd 1-x S interlayer. Appl Phys Lett 2013, 102:183901.CrossRef 37. Chen Y, Huang F, Chen D, Cao L, Zhang XL, Caruso RA, Cheng YB: Effect of mesoporous TiO 2 bead diameter in working electrodes on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Sus Chem 2011, 4:1498–1503.CrossRef 38. Kim J, Choi H, Nahm C, check details Kim C, Nam S, Kang S, Jung DR, Kim JI, Kang J, Park B: The role of a TiCl 4 treatment on the performance of CdS quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. J Power Sources 2012, 220:108–113.CrossRef 39. Choi H, Nahm C, Kim Selleckchem Forskolin J, Kim C, Kang S, Hwang T, Park B: Review
paper: toward highly efficient quantu m-dot- and dye-sensitized solar cells. Curr Appl Phys 2013, 13:S2-S13.CrossRef 40. Goes MS, Joanni E, Muniz EC, Savu R, Habeck TR, Bueno PR, Fabregat-Santiago F: Impedance spectroscopy analysis of the effect of TiO 2 blocking layers on the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. J Phys Chem C 2012, 116:12415–12421.CrossRef 41. Fabregat-Santiago F, Garcia-Belmonte JB, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A: Influence of electrolyte in transport and recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells studied by impedance spectroscopy. Sol Energ Mat Sol C 2005, 87:117–131.CrossRef 42. Fabregat-Santiago F, Bisquert J, Palomares E, Otero L, Kuang D, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M: Correlation between photovoltaic performance and impedance spectroscopy of dye-sensitized solar cells based on ionic liquids. J Phys Chem C 2007, 111:6550–6560.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions CK carried out the overall scientific experiment and drafted the manuscript. HC and JIK performed the FE-SEM measurements. SL carried out the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra. JK and SK participated in the manuscript revision.