For example, mouse fibroblasts Tubacin MM can be directly converted into induced neural cells by overex pressing Ascl1, Brn2 and Myt1l. However, these induced cells lack the potential to generate diverse neural subtypes. In another work, transient expression of Oct4, Sox2, c Myc and Klf4 was sufficient to induce transdifferentia tion of mouse fibroblasts to neural stem progenitors cells Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries that can be expanded and differentiate in mul tiple neuronal subtypes and glial cells. Although all these methods of reprogramming yield cells with similar charac teristics to the target cells, it is still unknown if these repro grammed cells are able to recapitulate the natural process of differentiation or whether the induced pluripotent stem cells or induced neural cells retain the epigenetic memory of their origin.

Importantly, aberrant expression of pluripo tency genes, incomplete demethylation of specific pro moters, viral integration and, more prominently, cancer have been reported as a result of reprogramming. Moreover, from the medical point of view, the possibility to integrate these cells into somatic tissue remains unclear. As Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries an alternative, the study of transdifferentiation and re generation could provide important information regarding maintenance of pluripotency, dedifferentiation processes, factors involved in cell reprogramming and integration of the cells in the regenerated tissue. Initial studies have shown that among the pluripotency inducing factors, sox2, c myc and klf4 are the common factors expressed during lens and limb regeneration in newts and during fin regeneration and M��ller glia dedifferentiation in zebrafish.

More recently, it Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries was demonstrated that in mam mals Lin 28 can enhance tissue repair in several contexts including improved hair regrowth and accelerated re growth of cartilage, bone and mesenchyme after ear and digit injuries. Lin 28 is an important regulator of let 7 miRNAs, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and it has a functional role in organismal growth and metab olism, tissue development, somatic reprogramming and cancer. During in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic carcinoma cells to neural and glial fates, Lin 28 can alter the cell fate independently of let 7, in addition, overexpression of Lin 28 increases neuro genesis in the same cell types.

In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that Lin 28 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries regulates the translation and stability of a large number of mRNAs including cell cycle regulators, splicing factors, metabolic enzymes and RNA binding proteins. All this evidence strongly suggests that Lin 28 can have a pivotal role in tissue regeneration. Consistent with DAPT secretase this idea, we analyzed the expression of pluripotency inducing factors, including Lin 28, dur ing RPE transdifferentiation, using the embryonic chick model of retina regeneration.