DOM-PSMA epitope DNA fusion vaccine or the p.DOM control vaccine. Mice were sacrificed 14 days after receiving a single DNA vaccination and T-cell responses in the spleen were assessed S1P Receptor inhibitor ex vivo by IFN-γ ELISpot assay. All vaccines, including the p.DOM control, were able to prime responses to the p30 MHC class II-binding peptide, an indication of vaccine performance and confirmation of vaccine product integrity (Fig. 1B). Immunization with the respective vaccines additionally induced significant IFN-γ-secreting T cells specific for the PSMA27, PSMA663, and PSMA711 peptides (Fig. 1B). However, the average response

to each vaccine varied, with the p.DOM-PSMA711 vaccine demonstrating the highest response. As expected, immunization with the control p.DOM vaccine failed to induce any PSMA-specific T-cell responses. The peptide sensitivities of the epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell responses

for all vaccines are similar (Fig. 1C). These results indicate that the p.DOM-PSMA27, p.DOM-PSMA663, and p.DOM-PSMA711 vaccines are all able to perform effectively in vivo, allowing the processing of the respective HLA-A*0201 PSMA epitopes from the vaccine backbone in a manner that permits efficient priming of epitope-specific CD8+ Decitabine molecular weight T-cell responses. Vaccination with DNA vaccines encoding an entire antigen provides the potential for the induction of responses specific for more than one CD8+ T-cell epitope and also for the priming of tumor-relevant PSMA-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. To assess the performance of such a vaccine, p.PSMA and p.PSMA-DOM constructs were used. The ability of these vaccines to generate epitope-specific responses against PSMA27, PSMA663, and PSMA711 in HHD mice was assessed by ADAMTS5 ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot. Mice that

received a single vaccination of either p.PSMA or p.PSMA-DOM were unable to prime detectable responses to any of the three PSMA-derived peptides assessed 14 days later (data not shown). On the contrary, each respective p.DOM-PSMA epitope vaccine effectively primed high levels of peptide-specific CD8+ T cells (Fig. 1B). To attempt to increase PSMA-specific T-cell responses against the full-length PSMA, mice were primed and subsequently boosted with electroporation on day 28 and their responses assessed 8 days later. Despite the fact that p30-specific responses could be detected in all but one of the p.PSMA-DOM-vaccinated mice, there was no significant improvement in the response to any of the candidate peptides induced by either of the full-length vaccines; with only a very low level response to PSMA663 peptide detectable (Fig. 2A). On the contrary, homologous boosting of mice previously immunized with the p.DOM-PSMA663 epitope vaccine resulted in an approximately sixfold increase in peptide-specific T-cell numbers compared with priming (Fig. 2B). Furthermore, this response is approximately 30-fold higher than that seen in mice which received the full-length vaccines.