57; t(5) = 6.36, p = .001], but importantly the reaction time in the V4 TMS condition was not at ceiling and is in line with previous effects seen Ku-0059436 purchase with online TMS priming studies ( Campana et al., 2002 and Campana et al., 2008). Having determined within site effects, we then compared the magnitude of reduction in colour priming across sites by calculating the difference between the sizes of the priming effect

in the post cTBS conditions relative to baseline for each group using a between subjects t-test. This showed that there was a significant disruption in colour priming following cTBS to human V4 relative to MT/V5 [t(10) = 2.52, p = .015, one-tailed] and relative to the vertex [t(10) = 2.029, p = .035, one-tailed], but that the effects of stimulation to MT/V5 and the vertex did

not differ from one another [t(10) = −.105 p = .918; Fig. 1b]. These findings demonstrate a site specific disruption in colour priming following cTBS and are consistent with the notion that the perceptual priming of visual attributes relies upon neural activity in functionally specialized regions of the visual cortex (Tulving and Schacter, 1990). They parallel findings that macaques show deficits in colour priming following lesions to macaque area V4 (Walsh et al., 2000) and extend findings that neural activity in human MT/V5 is crucial for motion Selleckchem ZD1839 priming in humans (Campana et al., 2002), by showing that other functionally specialized extrastriate regions play a critical role in perceptual HSP inhibition priming for healthy adults. It should be noted, however, that while we have shown a disruption

of colour priming by stimulating previously reported coordinates for V4, the V4 site is on the ventral surface of the cortex and likely to be at the limits of the depth of human brain stimulation. However, in light of the expected functions of the nearby cortical regions, the most parsimonious explanation of the data obtained is that the effects were due to disruption of area V4/regions involved in colour processing rather than more superficial regions. Future studies may clarify this. This work was supported by the British Academy (M.J.B.), the ESRC (M.J.B.), the MRC (V.W.), and the National Science Council, Taiwan (N.G.M.; 100-2410-H-008-074-MY3). We would like to thank Amy Murphy for her assistance with this project. “
“The authors regret that in the article referenced above the affiliations for Tereza Lopotová and Jaroslav Polák were incorrect as published. The correct affiliations are given above. Also, in reference number [19] the name J. Moravcová was listed twice. The second mention should be K. Machová Poláková. The corrected Reference is as follows: [19] T. Lopotová, J. Moravcová, V. Polívková, J. Polák, J. Schwarz, H. Klamová, K.